Threats

The threats captured by the DOPA Validator are the following ones, using the IUCN standard classification
 * **1 Residential & commercial development**
 * 1.1 Housing & urban areas
 * 1.2 Commercial & industrial areas
 * 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas


 * **2 Agriculture & aquaculture**
 * 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 * 2.1.1 Shifting agriculture
 * 2.1.2 Small-holder farming
 * 2.1.3 Agro-industry farming
 * 2.1.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
 * 2.2.1 Small-holder plantations
 * 2.2.2 Agro-industry plantations
 * 2.2.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
 * 2.3.1 Nomadic grazing
 * 2.3.2 Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
 * 2.3.3 Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming
 * 2.3.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture
 * 2.4.1 Subsistence/artisanal aquaculture
 * 2.4.2 Industrial aquaculture
 * 2.4.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded


 * **3 Energy production & mining**
 * 3.1 Oil & gas drilling
 * 3.2 Mining & quarrying
 * 3.3 Renewable energy


 * **4 Transportation & service corridors**
 * 4.1 Roads & railroads
 * 4.2 Utility & service lines
 * 4.3 Shipping lanes
 * 4.4 Flight paths


 * **5 Biological resource use**
 * 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 * 5.1.1 Intentional use (species being assessed is the target)
 * 5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)
 * 5.1.3 Persecution/control
 * 5.1.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
 * 5.2.1 Intentional use (species being assessed is the target)
 * 5.2.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target)
 * 5.2.3 Persecution/control
 * 5.2.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 * 5.3.1 Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest]
 * 5.3.2 Intentional use: large scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest]
 * 5.3.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest]
 * 5.3.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest]
 * 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources
 * 5.4.1 Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest]
 * 5.4.2 Intentional use: large scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest]
 * 5.4.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest]
 * 5.4.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest]
 * 5.4.5 Persecution/control
 * 5.4.6 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded


 * **6 Human intrusions & disturbance**
 * 6.1 Recreational activities
 * 6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises
 * 6.3 Work & other activities


 * **7 Natural system modifications**
 * 7.1 Fire & fire suppression
 * 7.1.1 Increase in fire frequency/intensity
 * 7.1.2 Suppression in fire frequency/intensity
 * 7.1.3 Trend Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 7.2 Dams & water management/use
 * 7.2.1 Abstraction of surface water (domestic use)
 * 7.2.2 Abstraction of surface water (commercial use)
 * 7.2.3 Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use)
 * 7.2.4 Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)
 * 7.2.5 Abstraction of ground water (domestic use)
 * 7.2.6 Abstraction of ground water (commercial use)
 * 7.2.7 Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use)
 * 7.2.8 Abstraction of ground water (unknown use)
 * 7.2.9 Small dams
 * 7.2.10 Large dams
 * 7.2.11 Dams (size unknown)
 * 7.3 Other ecosystem modifications


 * **8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases**
 * 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases
 * 8.1.1 Unspecified species
 * 8.1.2 Named species
 * 8.2 Problematic native species/diseases
 * 8.2.1 Unspecified species
 * 8.2.2 Named species
 * 8.3 Introduced genetic material
 * 8.4 Problematic species/diseases of unknown origin
 * 8.4.1 Unspecified species
 * 8.4.2 Named species
 * 8.5 Viral/prion-induced diseases
 * 8.5.1 Unspecified "species" (disease)
 * 8.5.2 Named "species" (disease)
 * 8.6 Diseases of unknown cause


 * **9 Pollution**
 * 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water
 * 9.1.1 Sewage
 * 9.1.2 Run-off
 * 9.1.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 9.2 Industrial & military effluents
 * 9.2.1 Oil spills
 * 9.2.2 Seepage from mining
 * 9.2.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents
 * 9.3.1 Nutrient loads
 * 9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation
 * 9.3.3 Herbicides and pesticides
 * 9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 9.4 Garbage & solid waste
 * 9.5 Air-borne pollutants
 * 9.5.1 Acid rain
 * 9.5.2 Smog
 * 9.5.3 Ozone
 * 9.5.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
 * 9.6 Excess energy
 * 9.6.1 Light pollution
 * 9.6.2 Thermal pollution
 * 9.6.3 Noise pollution
 * 9.6.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded


 * **10 Geological events**
 * 10.1 Volcanoes
 * 10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis
 * 10.3 Avalanches/landslides


 * **11 Climate change & severe weather**
 * 11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration
 * 11.2 Droughts
 * 11.3 Temperature extremes
 * 11.4 Storms & flooding
 * 11.5 Other impacts


 * **12 Other options**
 * 12.1 Other threats